Concrete pile and method of forming the same.



M. M. UPSON. CONCRETE PILE AND METHOD or EOEMING THE SAME.

APPLGATION FILED MAB.10, 1908.

Patented Nov. 10,1908.

TER

GROUND UNDER WA UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MAXWELL M. UPSON,

OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO RAYMOND CONCRETE PILE COM- PANY, OFCHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY..

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 10, 1908.

Application led March 10, 1908. Serial No. 420,163.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, MAXWELL M. UPsoN, a citizen of the United States,residing at New York, county of New York, and State of New York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Concrete Piles andMethods of Forming the Same, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the art of forming piles made from cement,concrete, or the like and the same consists in the production of a pileof this character and in the new and useful method or process of formingsuch iles. p My invention has particular relation to the forming orplacing of concrete piles in water and, speaking in general terms, mymethod consists in driving or sinking a shell into the round below waterby means of a collapsible orm or core,withdrawing said core andsubsequently introducing or fitting into said shell an already-formed orcast concrete pile or at least the lower end thereof in case it isdesired that the pile shall project upwardly in the water or indeedabove the water line.

My invention also contemplates the making of the contact between theshell and the pi e most intimate by grouting the space between the pileand the shell or at least grouting the base of the pile.

The various features of advantage and utility of my invention will beapparent from the description hereinafter given.

In the accompanying drawing I have illustrated a form of apparatussuitable for carrying out my new and useful method and for producing theconcrete pile referred to.

In this drawing, Figure 1 is an elevation of the shell driven into theground, such shell being broken away to expose the form of core which isused in such driving or sinking of the shell, such figure also showingin elevation the driving extension for driving such core and the lowerportion of the pile hammer mechanism; Fig. 2 a similar View, but showingthe core and said extension partially withdrawn from the shell, whichremains in the round under the water; Fig. 3 a sectiona view of theshell in the ground and an elevation of the completed or cast concreteile in the act of being lowered into said shel and Fig. 4 a verticalsection of the shell and concrete pile in position therein.

For the sake of a clear and definite description of my invention, I willdescribe it in connection with the particular mechanism or apparatusillustrated in the drawings, although as will be understood, my methodmay be practiced and the concrete pile may be produced by apparatus ofother constructions. However, the apparatus herein shown will be foundsuitable and very efficient in actual practice. l

In the practice of my method I first take a shell 1 which is preferably,although not necessarily, conical and made of any suitable material,preferably thin sheet metal. This shell is driven into the ground inaccordance with the well known Raymond process, as set forth in Raymondpatents Nos. 589,026 and 845,120, dated February 26th, 1907, and to thisend, I employ a collapsible form of core 2 in the manner and with theresults as set forth in said patents. However, the process differssomewhat from the regular Raymond system of placing concrete piles, inthat the operation 1s carried on from the surface of the water and theshell is driven into the ground below the water. In order that the formor core may be driven under these circumstances, I provide an extensionpiece 3 which forms an upward continuation of the form or core, thisextension piece eX- tending upwardly above the water line and the sameis of such len th that when the form or core has reache the desiredpenetration in the ground, its upper end still projects above the waterline. This extension piece thus permits the working of the pile driverhammer 4 entirely above the water line and transmits the force or effectof the blow to the form or core. T he. shell having been driven into theground to the desired degree of penetration, the core is collapsed inthe well known manner and the same withdrawn from the shell, which isnow left in the ground, as illustrated in the drawing.v There is thusformed an incase'd hole in the ground at the bottom of the water. Intothis hole is now placed or introduced an already-formed concrete pile 5which is preferably reinforced, and which has the same taper as theshell 1. It is evident that as soon as the core is withdrawn the shellfills with water and in order that such water may escape when theconcrete pile is introduced or fitted into such shell, I provide alongitudinal passage 6 in such pile, the saine extending from the loweril oo end or point thereof to a oint intermediate the length of the pilean at such distance from the bottom that it will be above the upper edgeof the shell when the pile is fully introduced into the shell. It is aparent that when the ile is lowered into t e shell the water con nedtherein will escape upwardly through said passage 6, thereby permittingsuch pile to be easi y introduced into the shell and to permit of itsfitting the shell properly. In order'to insure against ossiblesettlement, I prefer'to raise and rop the pile into position once or'twice and then gently tap the same with the hammer.

The passage 6 is capable of erformin an additional function in that a erthe pi e'is placed in position, a grouting hose 7 may be attached to thepipe 8 which extends from the pile and communicates with said passage 6,with the result that grout may be forced into said passage and into thebase of the pile, in order to grout all s aces or intervals between thepile and the s ell and thereby increase the intimacy of the said parts.

It will be understood that the shell may be of any suitable length, butit will be found suliicient to merely extend to the bottom of the waterwhen the desired penetration is reached, although if desired, 1t mayextend some distance above the bottom or lower water line. Consequentlin' the preferred form only the lower en of the pile isoincased in theshell. stood that the pile may be of any desired length according to thedesired point of the top of the completed pile.

My method is particularly well adapted to water work and has manifestadvantages in the rapidity of work, which of course means decreased costin every respect, including cost of construction. v

I claim:

1. The method of forming concrete piles below the water linewhichconsists in sinking a shell in the ground below the water, and thenintroducing into said shellv a pile proper having a passage for theescape of Water .from the shell during such introduction of the pileproper; substantially as described.

2. The method of forming concrete piles below the water line whichconsists in sinking a shell in the ground below the water, introducinginto such shell a pile proper having a passage for the escape of waterfrom the shell during such introduction of the pile proper, and groutingthe space becontact between It will also be under-v scribed.

4. The method of forming concrete piles below the water line whichconsists in driving a shell into the ground below the water by means ofa core, withdrawing said core, introducing into the shell a completedpile proper substantially corresponding in shape to said shell andpermitting the Water to escape from the shell through a passage in the.

body of the pile; substantially as described.

5. The method of forming concrete piles in water which consists indriving a substantially conical shell into the ground below the water,and then introducing into said shell the lower correspondingly conicalend 'of a complete pile proper from whose lower end there extendsupwardly a passage for the escape of water during the operation ofintroducing the pile into the shell; substantially as described.

6. A pile comprising a shell adapted to be driven into the ground belowthe water line, and a completed pile proper fitting into said shell andhaving a passage extending to its lowerl end, whereby the water in ltheshell may escape when .the pile is introduced therein; substantially asdescribed.

7. A pile comprising a shell adapted to be driven into the ground belowthe water line, and a completed pile proper litting into said shell andhaving a passage entering its body intermediate its length andterminating at its lower end for the escape of water from the shell andthe introduction of grout; substantially as described.

8. A pilecomprising a shell. adapted to be driven and a completed pileproper whose lower into the groundbelow the water line,

end is fitted into said shell and which is prov vided with a passageentering its body at a lpoint above the upper edge of the shell andterminatin at the lower end of lthe pile proper; su stantially asdescribed. MAXWELL M. UPSON. Witnesses:

H. R. MoYER,

I. A. FISE.

